哈萨克斯坦(简称哈国)是中亚地区第一大油气资源国，里海地区第三大油气资源国。在过去的十多年中，哈国天然气年产量几乎翻了两倍，2016年天然气产量近464×108 m3，其中国内销量130×108 m3，出口销量128×108 m3，其余大部分为提高原油采收率而回注油藏。虽然天然气在全球范围长期处于供不应求的状况，但对哈国天然气工业的发展并未起到推动作用。相反，国家通过立法对天然气市场垄断并控制，使天然气生产商的利益无法得到充分体现。从哈国天然气工业现状、全球主要交易市场和定价机制、中国天然气定价机制形成及演变和哈国天然气工业发展制约因素四个方面，对哈国现行的天然气政策做了详细梳理并对哈国天然气工业发展政策提出了四点看法。

Kazakhstan has the most oil and gas resources in area of central Asia. In the past decade, annual gas output in Kazakhstan almost was doubled. In 2016, it produced gas nearly 46.4 billion cubic meters, of which 13 billion cubic meters supplied domestic market, and 12.8 billion to export, and the remain was re-injected to reservoir for EOR. Gas production always can’t meet the requirement around the world for a clean and high effective resource energy. However, gas industry in Kazakhstan never benefit from these advantages. Instead, the gas market in Kazakhstan is monopolized and controlled by the government, so that the gas producer is ignored, the price controlled by government never covers the cost. This paper analyzes the current gas policy of Kazakhstan in detail from five aspects, which are: the current gas industry situation in Kazakhstan, the pricing mechanism of international and domestic gas market, the restriction factors of gas industry development in Kazakhstan, and suggestions.