水下输气管道泄漏特征及衍生灾害研究进展
Review on recent progress of submarine gas pipeline: From leakage characteristics to derived disasters
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- 引用格式:
-
汪侃,徐思源,刘晓雷,芈家慧,朱婧睿,李甜甜.水下输气管道泄漏特征及衍生灾害研究进展[J].天然气与石油,2025,43(4):9-19.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2025.04.002
WANG Kan, XU Siyuan, LIU Xiaolei, MI Jiahui, ZHU Jingrui, LI Tiantian.Review on recent progress of submarine gas pipeline: From leakage characteristics to derived disasters[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2025,43(4):9-19.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2025.04.002
- DOI:
- 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2025.04.002
- 作者:
- 汪侃 徐思源 刘晓雷 芈家慧 朱婧睿 李甜甜
WANG Kan, XU Siyuan, LIU Xiaolei, MI Jiahui, ZHU Jingrui, LI Tiantian
- 作者单位:
- 上海海事大学海洋科学与工程学院, 上海 201306
College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- 关键词:
- 水下输气管道;泄漏源特征;扩散机制;气体羽流;泉涌效应
Submarine gas pipeline; Leakage source characteristics; Dispersion mechanism; Gas plume; Fountain effect
- 摘要:
- 水下输气管道是连接海上油气资源与陆地使用终端的重要纽带,其高压输送的安全保障问题是现存难点。海洋环境加剧了泄漏介质扩散过程的复杂性,明确水下输气管道泄漏机理及其对衍生海洋灾害的影响机制,是水下输气管道失效预防和事故防护的基础。现有研究表明,输运介质性质、混合气体比例、泄漏源结构以及彼此之间的相互作用是影响水下输气管道泄漏演化规律变化的重要因素,管内掺混轻质组分后泄漏介质上浮时间更短,导致气体羽流偏移距离更长,水面扩散范围更大。水流流速对泄漏介质的运动具有主导作用,水深影响羽流形态和扩散轨迹。气体羽流在上升过程中夹带水至海面形成泉涌效应,对水面漂浮结构物造成力学冲击。针对现有研究认知与不足,建议开展进一步工作:1)明确掺氢输气海管道之类新型水下输气管道泄漏机理;2)探究水流作用对掺混气体水下扩散的影响机制;3)精细划分水面气云爆炸对海域装备的毁伤程度及防护范围。
Submarine gas pipelines are significant link connecting offshore oil/gas resources with land terminals, and the safety protection of high-pressure gas transportation through these pipelines remains a current challenging issue. The marine environment aggravates the complexity of the dispersion process of the leaking media, and clarifying the leakage mechanism of submarine gas pipelines and their impact on derived marine disasters is fundamental for failure prevention and accident protection of these pipelines. Current studies show that the properties of transported medium, mixture proportion, structure of the leakage source, and their interaction are the main factors affecting the leakage behavior of submarine pipelines. When light components are blended into the pipeline contents, the leaking medium has a shorter ascent time, which leads to larger migration distance of gas plume and forms wider dispersion range on sea surface. Water flow velocity plays a leading role in the motion of leaking media, and the water depth affects plume morphology and dispersion trajectory. Gas plumes entrain water during their rising process to sea surface to form fountain effect, causing mechanical impact on floating structures on sea surface. Based on the current understanding and limitations in existing research, it is suggested to implement further research in three aspects:1)clarify the leakage mechanisms of new submarine pipelines such as hydrogen-blended gas submarine pipelines;2)explore the influence mechanisms of water flow on underwater dispersion of blended mixture;3)classify the damage level and protection scope of sea surface vapor cloud explosion to offshore facilities.
