Claus process is an industrial method widely used by sulfur recovery units in domestic natural gas treatment plants and main combustion chamber, reheating furnace and exhaust incinerator are the key equipment used in sulfur recovery unit. Analyzed are reasons of accidents caused by furnace lining collapse and burner lining damage during operation of sulfur recovery unit and the problem of high degree dependence on imported complete set of burner for high temperature furnace, which brings much restriction on project investment, construction period and maintenance operation and introduced are technical status and research and development process of key equipment and main achievements for solving the aforementioned problems, which will provide valuable references for assuring safe operation and complete localization of key equipment.