With the continuous development of gas pipeline transportation technology in China, requirements over pipe transportation safety and gas supply capacity are increasing. This paper systematically summarizes the current research in the field of natural gas pipeline reliability from the point of structural reliability and supply reliability. For the structural reliability, the development process of the natural gas pipeline reliability evaluation method and its application to the pipeline design management are summarized. For the supply reliability, evaluation methods based on the integrity statistics and hydrodynamic simulation are introduced. Finally, key problems about the development of natural gas pipeline reliability are analyzed briefly.