Oil and gas industry is a large energy and water consumer and research on energy consumption and water consumption in the oil and gas production process is necessary for energy conservation and water conservation in China's energy industry. This paper summarizes the research status of energy and water consumption in oil and gas fields from aspects of energy consumption in oil and gas fields, water consumption management, evaluation, accounting and optimization of oil and gas fields, and reviews existing research on the coupling relationship between energy and water consumption. EROI of Daqing Oilfield in China is gradually decreasing. It is predicted that EROI will be equivalent to EROI of oil sands mining by 2025 only. China's shale gas exploitation consumes an average of 100 million tons of water annually. Comparisons of oil and gas field energy consumption assessment and water consumption assessment show that there are many similarities between energy consumption and water consumption accounting, evaluation and optimization process. The existing research lacks the optimization method of energy consumption and water consumption in oil and gas fields, and lacks the coupling research of energy consumption and water consumption.Future researchon energy consumption and water consumption of oil and gas industryshould analyzethe coupling relationship between energy consumption and water consumptionand analyzethe synergetic relationship between energy consumption, water consumption and oil & gas production based on the life cycle of China's oil and gas fields and its analysis in order to maximize the overall efficiency of oil and gas production and development under the goal of dual control of energy consumption and water consumption.