Based on the actual situation of natural gas pipeline from Jiaozhou station to Jiaoxi station, this paper evaluates the efficiency of optical fiber vibration and temperature sensing technology by using the fiber optic cable laid in the same trench with the pipeline, draws the relevant conclusions and puts forward suggestions for system optimization.The results of effectiveness evaluation show that the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system can detect and locate accurately the vibration information of 6 kinds of intrusions, such as electric drilling, excavation and shovelling, hammer blowing, train and heavy vehicle running, with positioning error less than 20 meters.Under lab conditions,the detection distance between Jiaozhou station and Jiaoxi station can reach 24km, but in the actual environment, due to the fusion of optical fiber and other factors, the effective range of the stable detection is about 15km.In addition, the system can detect, locate and alarm accurately when temperature change occurs. The optical fiber sensor detection technology can locate accurately the intrusions and realize real-time monitoring, early-warning, alarm and positioning for leakage, and provide protection for pipeline to certain extent.