In order to accurately measure the well depth, reduce the well depth error during the measurement while drilling, and reduce the uncertainty of the wellbore trajectory, the unsteady heat transfer model of the drilling fluid circulation state is established according to the basic principle of heat transfer,and the drilling process is analyzed.The wellbore temperature distribution is analyzed and calculated for the well depth error caused by the deformation of the drill string affected by the temperature effect.Based on the frictional torque mechanics model, the error of the well depth caused by the deformation of the drill string under tension and compression is discussed.The error of the research well was corrected by the combined temperature and the influence of tension and pressure on the well depth error. The volume of the error ellipsoid was reduced by 40.7%. Finally, a case analysis using the proposed correction method can provide a theoretical reference for accurate well depth calculation in large displacement wells and rescue wells.