According to the characteristics of being measured, chemometrics is divided into physical chemistry measurement and analytical chemistry measurement. Direct measurement of gas calorific value is one kind of physical chemistry measurement, and at present, it emphasizes on 1)building up the measurement basis( 0-level calorimeter ); and 2)improving its accuracy. Measurement( and analysis ) of natural gas chemical composition and quantity belongs to analytical chemistry measurement, and its technical development emphasizes on:1)reproduction of mole( mol ), the unit of material quantity; and 2)improvement and evaluation of measurement uncertainty, such as establishment and quantification of traceability, development of RGM( reference gas mixture ), and uncertainty evaluation of the entire transportation and distribution system by MCM( Monte Carlo Method ), etc. Compared with developed countries, China’s energy measurement technological level still has a considerable gap to catch up. For this reason, it is suggested that the relevant authorities pay full attention to this issue.