Affected by the COVID-19, the energy industry has been greatly impacted. In order to sort out the energy supply and demand changes, this paper analyzed the data of global energy supply and demand in 2020 under the background of “carbon neutrality”. The results show that in 2020, global primary energy consumption decreased by 4.5% and carbon emissions decreased by 6.3%, both of which are the largest decline since 1945. Global production and consumption of oil, natural gas and coal have all declined by varying degrees. Despite the drop in production and consumption, natural gas consumption as a proportion of all non-renewable energy sources continuously rises to 24.7%, hitting a record high. However, coal is still the main energy source for power generation; and renewable energy increased by 9.7%, accounting for 11.7% of the total global power generation. With global energy consumption falling, China is one of the few countries with rising energy consumption in 2020. The analysis results are expected to provide reference for global energy development towards the target of zero net carbon emission.