The trend of human energy utilization is heading from high-carbon footprint toward low-carbon footprint development. In the next 30 years, driven by factors such as energy policy and related industrial technological revolution, the role of natural gas will be significantly uplifted. The purification, storage and transportation of natural gas have attracted widespread attention. The natural gas dehydration process is an important link in the production process of oil and gas fields. The triethylene glycol (TEG) natural gas dehydration treatment process of a gas field in Northwest China is taken as an example. Using the Aspen HYSYS process simulation software, the influencing factors of the triethylene glycol dehydration process were studied and the carbon emission optimization model of the triethylene glycol dehydration system was established. The HYSYS model was used to simulate and calculate the system energy consumption and carbon emission. After optimization, the TEG dehydration system has reduced carbon emissions by about 3.6% and energy consumption by about 6.7%. The entire dehydration process was then further optimized to lower the unit operation and production costs in order to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in the development of green oil field operations.