Based on the industry data of 35 sub-sectors in the China's industrial sector between 1998 and 2019, the total factor productivity of the petrochemical industry is analyzed based on the efficiency evaluation method of data envelopment analysis (DEA), using the total factor productivity Malmquist index, taking into account energy and carbon emission factors. From the perspective of the China's industrial sector, the influence of the labor force, capital stock, the spatial input level of CO2 emission, energy consumption, and output level of the industry department on the total factor of energy efficiency is examined. Through the component breakdown of total factor productivity of the petrochemical industry, the analysis was conducted from the time span, industry perspective, components that contributed to total factor productivity etc. It is found that the petrochemical industry is at the productivity frontier of the industry sector category in China and contributes to the productivity improvement of China's industrial sector. However, the average annual growth is only 0.8%, indicating that there is a lot of room for improvement. The improvement in the total factor productivity of the petrochemical industry benefits from technological progress and progress in pure technical efficiency. The petrochemical industry sub-sectors that are at the frontier of efficiency are petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing, and oil and gas production, in that sequence. Chemical fiber manufacturing, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, and rubber products and plastic products industries are in an ineffective state. According to the analysis results, six-core technologies are proposed to actively develop modern chemical technology for processing of coal, new and advanced energy technology, new petroleum refining technology, technology for new chemical material, new energy-saving and environmental protection technology, high-end equipment and new intelligent processing technology; to increase technological innovation, digital structure transformation and industrial upgrading, strengthen management, vigorously improve the utilization rate of resources, reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption level, actively promote energy conservation and emission reduction, build a circular economy industrial ecological chain and other recommendations.