The long-distance natural gas pipeline network constitutes a gas transmission path with multi-ring structure. There are many ways for pipeline companies to choose the path of natural gas consignment from upstream suppliers to downstream users, which has a great impact on the profits of pipeline network companies. Aiming at the issue that the residual capacity of the pipeline network fails to meet the transmission requirements of the supplier, the pipeline transmission path optimization model is developed with the goal of maximizing the profit of the pipeline network companies. Considering the constraints such as pressure station, pipeline and node balance, the initial flow distribution method is introduced to allocate the flow of each gas transmission path. The pipeline pressure is optimized by the optimization algorithm, and the gas distribution scheme of the pipeline network company under insufficient residual capacity of the pipeline network is obtained. The mathematical modeling system MATLAB is used to call up the genetic algorithm for optimization, and the accuracy of the model is verified by a case study. The optimization results show that allocating the pipeline residual capacity to the gas transmission path with a high average transportation price can improve the income of pipeline companies, which is of guiding significance to improve the pipeline transmission profit margin of pipeline network operators.