Oilfield gathering and transportation system is an important part of oilfield production process, as its energy consumption accounts for more than 30% of the total energy consumption of crude oil production. Therefore, it is essential to analyze energy consumption of oil field gathering and transportation system. Energy conservation models based on the first law of thermodynamics are used in energy consumption analysis of oil field gathering and transportation system most of the time. However, it has neglected the fact that the conversion of high grade energy into low grade energy is an important reason for the low energy utilization rate of oil production equipment during the process of energy conversion and transmission. From the perspective of energy utilization, the oil field gathering and transportation system is divided into thermal energy utilization system and electrical power system. Exergy analysis is then carried out on key individual equipment in each system to explore their quality of energy utilization. They are reasons and the solutions to low energy utilization efficiency of key equipment in each system are analyzed. It is found that the thermal energy utilization system has a higher degree of transformation in the quality of energy and yet lower degree of exergy efficiency. In order to save energy, lower energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions, the exergy analysis model with multilevel complementary system is proposed. It is also pointed out that the combination of exergy analysis and economics study is the future development trend of energy utilization system.