To monitor the operational state of centrifugal pump, this study involves the collection and experimental analysis of these signals, analyzing them in both time and frequency domains to extract early warning indicators of bearing faults in the time-frequency domain. The Variational Mode Decomposition method is used to select the appropriate intrinsic mode function for envelope demodulation. This process facilitates the analysis of bearing fault feature information via envelope spectrum, from which early warning indicators for bearing faults are extracted. By extracting characteristic parameters of both normal and faulty bearing operations, this study establishes early warning indicators for centrifugal pump bearing failures. This is crucial for timely maintenance interventions, significantly enhancing the lifespan of centrifugal pumps and preventing industrial operation downtimes due to sudden bearing failures. The study results provide significant reference for the early warning of centrifugal pump bearing faults.