This study focuses on the process operation optimization of Natural Gas Ethane Recovery Units. Through the development of a process model, we analyzed the impact of variations in the natural gas feed system parameters on various operational indicators of the unit. The study investigated the quantitative relationships between operating parameters such as distillation pressure, reflux, and cooling temperature, and their effects on flooding, yield, economic benefits, and energy consumption. Analysis revealed that as the feed gas properties and gas supply pressure change, timely adjustments to the operating parameters of the Natural Gas Ethane Recovery Unit can achieve stable operation, thereby optimizing the unit's limitations and economic indicators to meet optimization goals. By examining potential optimization effects and opportunities, we verified the necessity and feasibility of realtime optimization and control of production yield, economic efficiency, and energy consumption. This study lays a solid foundation for the subsequent implementation of an control system optimization in Natural Gas Ethane Recovery Units.