To address the corrosion issues of pipelines and key components in carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) technology, this paper delves into the corrosion pattern, forms of failure and corrosion mechanisms of carbon steel and stainless steel while also introduces the current state of research on the carbonation corrosion of cement and the failure of non-metallic materials. In an amine environment, temperature, CO2 partial pressure, amine concentration, and the presence of heat-stable salts are the key factors influencing the corrosion behavior of metallic materials. Under the CCUS environment with supercritical CO2, gas impurities can alter the composition of carbon steel corrosion byproducts, accelerate corrosion and may induce cracking. Regulating the moisture content in the gas is an important strategy to inhibit corrosion. Stainless steel in CCUS system is susceptible to pitting and stress corrosion cracking. The study separately examines the corrosion patterns and the factors affecting stainless steel corrosion in supercritical CO2 storage and liquid amine-based carbon capture environment. Moreover, a chemical reaction between oil well cement and CO2 can produce SiO2, which compromises cement's bonding capacity, thereby reducing its sealing efficacy. Non-metallic materials in service are prone to swelling and aging phenomena. Hence, their selection should account for performance degradation due to high CO2 partial pressures. The applicability of non-metallic materials should be determined according to the indicators provided by GB/T 34903.1—2017 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries-Non-metallic materials in contact with media related to oil and gas production-Part 1: Thermoplastics. The results of this study can provide reference for material selection and corrosion control in CCUS-related facilities.