油气中汞的形态分析
Analysis on Mercury Forms in Oil and Gas
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- 引用格式:
-
邓筑井,蒋洪,段方玮,陈艾,张媛.油气中汞的形态分析[J].天然气与石油,2013,31(5):0.doi:
.Analysis on Mercury Forms in Oil and Gas[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2013,31(5):0.doi:
- DOI:
- 作者:
- 邓筑井1 蒋 洪1 段方玮2 陈 艾3 张 媛1
- 作者单位:
- 1.西南石油大学石油工程学院,2.中国石油安全环保技术研究院,3.中国石油西南油气田公司华油公司
- 关键词:
- 汞;石油与天然气;汞形态;分析方法
Mercury; Oil and natural gas; Mercury forms; Analysis method
- 摘要:
- 石油与天然气中汞的危害主要在于汞具有毒性和腐蚀性,且会使催化剂中毒,从而危害人体、环境和设备。为了有效减少汞的污染和危害,研究汞的形态十分必要。石油中汞的存在形态主要是单质汞、有机汞化物、氯化汞、汞的硫化物。天然气中汞的存在形态主要是单质汞。石油与天然气中汞形态分析的前处理方法主要有湿抽提法、干法收集、湿法收集、碘化物浸渍活性炭收集法等。石油与天然气中汞形态分析方法主要有原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、质谱法、中子活化分析法,电化学法等,以及各种分析方法之间的联用技术。随着分离检测技术的发展,将加深研究天然气和石油中汞的存在形态,针对不同形态的汞选择不同的脱汞技术和工艺流程。建议发展天然气和石油的样品处理技术,深度研究分离检测技术及其联用技术,制定天然气和石油中汞形态分析的相关标准,以规范指导汞的形态分析。
Mercury is a toxic and corrosive substance. If oil and natural gas contain mercury,catalyst used in oil and natural gas processing and treatment will be poisoned,consequently,human body,environment and equipment will be harmed. In order to reduce the pollution and harm of mercury effectively,it is necessary to study the forms of mercury. Existing forms of mercury in oil mainly include elemental mercury,organic mercury chloride,chlorinated mercury and mercury sulfide,the existing form of mercury in natural gas is elemental mercury. The pretreatment methods in mercury form analysis mainly include wet extraction,collection by dry and wet methods and collection by iodide impregnated activated carbon,etc. Mercury form analysis methods mainly include atomic absorption spectrometry,atomic fluorescence spectrometry,gas chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry,etc.,as well as combination of different analysis methods.