根据被测量的特性,化学计量大致可分为物理化学计量和分析化学计量两大类。燃气发热量直接测定属于前者,当前技术开发的重点是计量基准(0级热量计)的建立及其准确度的提高。天然气化学成分量(分析)计量属于后者,技术开发的重点是物质量单位摩尔(mol)的复现及其测量不确定度的改善与评定,诸如溯源性的建立与量化、能量计量专用标准气混合物(RGM)的研制、蒙特卡洛法(MCM)评定整个输配系统的不确定度等等。从国外能量计量发展的技术水平来看,目前中国的相关实验室在上述诸多方面与国外相比还有相当差距,建议有关部门对此予以充分重视。

According to the characteristics of being measured, chemometrics is divided into physical chemistry measurement and analytical chemistry measurement. Direct measurement of gas calorific value is one kind of physical chemistry measurement, and at present, it emphasizes on 1)building up the measurement basis( 0-level calorimeter ); and 2)improving its accuracy. Measurement( and analysis ) of natural gas chemical composition and quantity belongs to analytical chemistry measurement, and its technical development emphasizes on:1)reproduction of mole( mol ), the unit of material quantity; and 2)improvement and evaluation of measurement uncertainty, such as establishment and quantification of traceability, development of RGM( reference gas mixture ), and uncertainty evaluation of the entire transportation and distribution system by MCM( Monte Carlo Method ), etc. Compared with developed countries, China’s energy measurement technological level still has a considerable gap to catch up. For this reason, it is suggested that the relevant authorities pay full attention to this issue.