深化煤层气(瓦斯)发电技术的研究与应用，是清洁高效利用瓦斯资源、改善能源结构、保障煤矿安全生产以及保护生态环境的重要基础。分布式低浓度瓦斯发电技术因其良好的适应性、灵活性、可靠性及政策导向日益受到业界关注。为进一步加强对低浓度瓦斯发电技术的系统认识和深入理解,在充分调研中国瓦斯开发利用现状的基础上,以中国首座分布式低浓度瓦斯电站——芦家峪瓦斯电站为例,阐明了分布式低浓度瓦斯发电技术的基本原理与国民经济意义,从电力负荷、热力负荷、瓦斯脱水、气水两相流安全输送、烟气净化等角度，系统论述了分布式低浓度瓦斯发电技术的集成技术优势与综合应用情况,指出该技术具有经济、安全、高效、清洁等多重利好属性,为分散、低浓度瓦斯的开发利用提供了一种全新的途径和方向,具有极大的发展潜力和市场需求。未来发展趋势应聚焦于高、低浓度瓦斯混掺发电、乏风(煤矿风排瓦斯)高效利用等方向,努力推动技术创新,进一步提高瓦斯利用效率,降低瓦斯排放,助推节能减排与绿色发展。研究成果有助于促进分布式低浓度瓦斯发电技术的推广和普及,为更好、更快实现煤炭产业转型升级与健康发展提供支撑。

Deepening the research and application of gas power generation technology is an important foundation for clean and efficient utilization of gas resources, upgrading of energy source structure, guarantee the safe production of coal mines and protection of ecological environment. Low concentration gas power generation technology has attracted more and more attention due to its good adaptability, flexibility, reliability and government policy guidance. In order to further strengthen the systematic and in-depth understanding of low concentration gas power generation technology, on the basis of a thorough investigation of the current situation of China’s CBM(gas) development and utilization, this paper clarifies the basic principles and national economic significance of distributed low-concentration gas power generation, using the first distributed low-concentration gas power plant in China-Lujiayu gas power plant as a case study. The advantages and comprehensive application of the power gathering technology of distributed low concentration gas power generation are further clarified systematically from the perspectives of heat and power load, gas dehydration, safe transportation of gas and water via two-phase flow and flue gas purification. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the technology embraces multiple advantages on the aspects of economics, safety, high efficiency and cleanliness, which provides a new way and direction for the development and utilization of scattered pockets of low concentration gas, with great development potential and market demand. Its future development trend should focus on high and low concentration gas mixed power generation, efficient utilization of exhaust gas(coal mine ventilation exhaust gas), and strive to promote technological innovation, further improve gas utilization efficiency, reduce gas emissions, and boost energy conservation and green development. The research results are helpful in promoting the technology of distributed low concentration gas power generation, and provide support for better and faster transformation and upgrade; and healthy development of the coal industry.