清洁燃料氢能具备净零排放,燃烧值高,在燃料电池中利用充分有效,绿色制氢可消纳太阳能和风能发电间歇式、状态高低起伏不定的不足等诸多优点。氢燃料电池汽车具备高续航、加注时间短等优势。但氢能利用存在技术和成本两大瓶颈,制约着氢能广泛利用。随着世界各国陆续采取政策扶持、政府推动、企业大规模行动等措施,以及技术不断进步推动成本下降,氢能利用必将拥有广阔的发展前景。中国氢能利用现处于起步阶段,各级政府纷纷做出规划、出台扶持和激励政策,上海、苏州、佛山等城市走在前列;企业也积极行动起来,中国石油、中国石化等企业的制氢、加氢业务,燃料电池、氢能源汽车业务,以及未来规划已经展开。为此建议:国家层面要构筑好发展氢能的良性机制;加快构建上中下游完整的“氢气工业”;地方政府要积极发展与慎重论证并重;企业要积极付诸转型行动,占据氢能先机。

As one of clean fuels, hydrogen energy has many advantages such as zero emission, high calorific value, and can be fully and effectively utilized in fuel cells. The green hydrogen produced in a sustainable manner is able to overcome the short comings of solar energy and wind power as their energy supply is unstable and fluctuating. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle enjoys the advantages of high endurance and short refuelling time. However, there are two major bottlenecks that limits the broader utilization of hydrogen energy, i. e. technology and capital costs. With policy supports, government promotion, economy of scale approach by enterprises in countries around the world, together with technological advances driving down capital costs, the utilization of hydrogen energy will have broader prospect for future development. China’s hydrogen energy usage is still in its infancy stage, government authorities at all levels have successively introduced development plans, and provided supportive policies and incentive plans. Among them, Shanghai, Suzhou, Foshan and other cities have taken the lead. Enterprises are also taking timely actions, for example, corporations including PetroChina and Sinopec have launched business sectors in hydrogen production, hydrogen filling stations, fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and master planning for the future. To this end, this paper suggested that a sound mechanism should be developed at state level for the development of hydrogen energy; speeding up the set-up of an integrated “hydrogen industry” in the upstream, midstream and downstream sectors; local governments should pay equal attention to the active development and prudent demonstration of hydrogen energy; enterprises should pro-actively carry out its transformation and take the lead in the development of hydrogen energy.