北美致密油提高采收率研究现场试验及启示
Field tests and findings of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)for tight oil in North America
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- 引用格式:
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廖广志,杨懿,熊伟,沈瑞.北美致密油提高采收率研究现场试验及启示[J].天然气与石油,2021,39(6):57-68.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2021.06.010
LIAO Guangzhi, YANG Yi, XIONG Wei, SHEN Rui.Field tests and findings of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)for tight oil in North America[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2021,39(6):57-68.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2021.06.010
- DOI:
- 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2021.06.010
- 作者:
- 廖广志1 杨懿2,3 熊伟3,4 沈瑞3,4
LIAO Guangzhi1, YANG Yi2,3, XIONG Wei3,4, SHEN Rui3,4
- 作者单位:
- 1. 中国石油勘探与生产分公司, 北京 100120; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100190; 3. 中国科学院渗流流体力学研究所, 河北 廊坊 065007; 4. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
1. PetroChina Exploration and Production Company, Beijing, 100120, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; 3. Institute of Seepage Fluid Dynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langfang, Hebei, 065007, China; 4. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing, 100083, China
- 关键词:
- 致密油;提高采收率;井间驱油;单井吞吐;缝间驱油
Tight oil; Enhance the recovery factor; Inter-wells flooding; Single well huff-and-puff; Inter-fracture flooding
- 摘要:
北美致密油储量丰富,依靠水平井钻井和分段压裂等技术成功开发了致密油,改变了世界能源格局。致密油单井产量递减快,一次采油的采收率低,给低油价下经济有效开发致密油带来很大挑战。经济高效地提高采收率方法是致密油产业可持续发展的必由之路。调研了北美致密油提高采收率室内研究和现场试验,分析了提高采收率现场试验及启示。室内岩心实验表明,天然气与CO2混相驱和吞吐的驱油效率均在90%以上,活性水渗吸和低矿化度水驱的驱油效率分别为30%和19%。数值模拟表明,CO2混相驱和吞吐采收率可提高15%~20%。现场试验与室内研究结果迥异,大多数现场试验效果不理想,仅美国EOG能源公司声称注气试验取得成功,并增加先导试验区块和扩大试验规模。通过对不同先导试验区块分析认为,常规的井间驱油方式会导致窜流,提高采收率技术风险极高;同区块内几口井同时注气吞吐有潜力大幅度提高采收率,但大规模应用会受制于压缩机和气源等因素;分段压裂水平井内缝间注采有发展潜力,是革命性的技术,值得进一步攻关。
North America is rich in tight oil reserves. Successful development of tight oil by drilling horizontal well and staged fracturing technology has reshaped the world’s energy outlook. However, the quick production decline rate and low oil recovery factor bring great challenge to the economic development of tight oil at low oil prices. A cost effective way of enhanced oil recovery is the only way for the sustainable development of tight oil reservoirs. This paper reviewed EOR works in laboratory and field tests in North America, and analysed the findings of test results on recovery enhancement. Indoor core experiments indicated that the oil displacement efficiencies of natural gas and CO2 miscible flooding and huff-puff are above 90%; and oil displacement efficiencies of surfactant imbibition and low salinity water flooding were 30% and 19% respectively. Simulation results indicated that CO2 miscible flooding and huff-puff could increase recovery by 15-20%. However, most of the field test results were not ideal and very different from the laboratory results. EOG Resources Inc. in USA is the only company to claim success in the gas injection tests and is adding pilot test blocks and scaling up the tests. Through the analysis of different pilot tests blocks, it is believed that the conventional oil displacement between wells will lead to channeling, and the technical risks of EOR technology is extremely high. Simultaneous gas injection huffs and puffs in several wells in the same block has the potential to significantly improve the recovery rate, but large-scale applications can be limited by factors such as compressor and gas sources. Inter-fracture injection-production in staged fracturing horizontal wells has the potential for further development. It is a revolutionary technology and is worthy of further research.
