油田集输系统作为油田生产过程的重要组成部分,其能耗约占原油生产总能耗的30%以上。因此,对油田集输系统进行能耗分析十分必要。油田集输系统的能耗分析大多采用以热力学第一定律为基础的能量守恒模型,却忽略了在能量转换和传递过程中高品位能转变为低品位能是导致原油生产设备能量利用率低的重要原因。从能量利用的角度将油田集输系统分为热能利用系统和用电系统,并对每个系统中关键的单体设备进行分析,探究能质利用情况。总结每个系统内关键设备能量利用效率低的原因及其解决方法,发现热能利用系统能质蜕变程度较大,效率较低。为实现节能降耗,降低CO2排放,提出了多能级互补系统分析模型,并指出分析与经济学相结合是分析用能系统未来的发展趋势。

Oilfield gathering and transportation system is an important part of oilfield production process, as its energy consumption accounts for more than 30% of the total energy consumption of crude oil production. Therefore, it is essential to analyze energy consumption of oil field gathering and transportation system. Energy conservation models based on the first law of thermodynamics are used in energy consumption analysis of oil field gathering and transportation system most of the time. However, it has neglected the fact that the conversion of high grade energy into low grade energy is an important reason for the low energy utilization rate of oil production equipment during the process of energy conversion and transmission. From the perspective of energy utilization, the oil field gathering and transportation system is divided into thermal energy utilization system and electrical power system. Exergy analysis is then carried out on key individual equipment in each system to explore their quality of energy utilization. They are reasons and the solutions to low energy utilization efficiency of key equipment in each system are analyzed. It is found that the thermal energy utilization system has a higher degree of transformation in the quality of energy and yet lower degree of exergy efficiency. In order to save energy, lower energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions, the exergy analysis model with multilevel complementary system is proposed. It is also pointed out that the combination of exergy analysis and economics study is the future development trend of energy utilization system.