大庆油田某采油厂油泥经现场处理后仍不能达到外输要求,具有含沙量大、烃质组分含量少、黏度大等特点,故针对此种油泥的处理方法展开研究。通过微观形态观测并测量油泥各组分含量,分析油泥处理难度大的原因。对34种水溶性破乳剂进行筛选实验,发现破乳剂B更适合实验油样的脱水,但单一破乳剂的脱水效果不理想,因此考虑掺混一定比例的石油醚,形成破乳剂与石油醚掺混处理技术。掺混石油醚后破乳剂脱水效果得到显著提升,处理后的油泥可达外输标准。最后通过对破乳剂加药浓度、石油醚掺混比例及脱水温度进行优化,确定实验油泥脱水的最佳处理方案为破乳剂加药浓度150 mg/L、石油醚掺混比例10%、脱水温度65 ℃。研究结果为大庆油田某采油厂处理油泥提供了高效、经济、环保、可行的处理方案,可为其他类似项目提供借鉴。

The oil sludge of an oil production plant in Daqing Oilfield cannot meet the requirements for external transportation after on-site treatment. It has the characteristics of high sediment content, small hydrocarbon component content and high viscosity. Therefore, it is very important to conduct a research on the treatment method for this kind of sludge. Through microscopic morphology observation and measurement of the content of each component of the sludge, the reasons for the difficulty of sludge treatment were analyzed. Screening experiments were carried out on 34 kinds of watersoluble demulsifiers. It was found that demulsifier B was more suitable for the dewatering of experimental oil samples, but the dewatering effect of single agent was not ideal. Therefore, a certain proportion of petroleum ether was considered, and the treatment method of mixing petroleum ether in demulsifier were explored. After mixing with petroleum ether, the dewatering effect of demulsifier is significantly improved, and the treated sludge can reach the standard of transportation for external treatment. Finally, by optimizing the demulsifier dosage concentration, petroleum ether blending ratio and dewatering temperature, the best treatment scheme for the dewatering of the experimental sludge was determined to be demulsifier dosage concentration 150 mg/L, petroleum ether mixing ratio 10%, and dewatering temperature 65 ℃. The research results provide an efficient, economical, environmentally friendly and feasible treatment scheme for the treatment of sludge in an oil production plant of Daqing Oilfield, and also can provide references for other similar projects.