原油在大型储罐内长时间存储会产生罐底油泥,严重影响储罐的安全运行。为提升原油储罐油泥清洗效率,以莘县输油站储罐油泥为例,基于油泥性质检测结果,优选了清洗剂SDQ1,分析了加剂浓度、温度、振荡速率、清洗时间对油泥清洗效果的影响。此外,通过分子动力学模拟实验探究了油泥的溶解机理。研究表明:油泥含油率在95%以上,主要成分为石蜡和沥青质；在加剂浓度0.06 g/mL,温度45 ℃、振荡速率250 r/min、清洗时间4 h的反应条件下,稀油对油泥的溶解速率较未加剂时提升了31.59%,此时溶解速率为2.36×10-3 g/min。分子模拟计算结果也证实了清洗剂SDQ1中的甲基苯乙醚可促进油泥中的沥青质溶解,且甲基苯乙醚与煤油对油泥中石蜡的溶解起协同促进作用。研究结果对提升原油储罐油泥清洗效率有借鉴意义。

Crude oil stored in large storage tanks for a long period produces sludge at the bottom of the tank, seriously affecting the safe operation of the tank. In order to improve the efficiency of sludge cleaning in crude oil storage tanks, taking the oil storage tank sludge of Shenxian oil transmission station as an example, the cleaning agent SDQ-1 was preferred based on the results of sludge property testing. The influence of additive concentration, temperature, oscillation rate, and cleaning time on the sludge cleaning effect were then analyzed. In addition, the dissolution mechanism of sludge was investigated through molecular dynamics simulation. The studies showed that the sludge contained more than 95% oil, and the main components were paraffins and asphaltenes. Under the reaction conditions of dosing concentration of 0.06 g/mL, temperature of 45 ℃, oscillation rate of 250 r/min, and cleaning time of 4 hours, the dissolution rate of diluted oil to sludge was enhanced by 31.59% as compared with that without dosing, and the dissolution rate was 2.36×10-3 g/min. The results of molecular simulation also confirmed that the methylphenethyl ether in the cleaning agent SDQ-1 could promote the dissolution of asphaltenes in sludge, and that methylphenethyl ether and kerosene synergistically promoted the dissolution of paraffins in the sludge. Therefore, the research results provide significant reference for the selection of optimal cleaning agent to improve the efficiency of sludge cleaning in crude oil storage tanks.