With the growing demand for energy from oil fields, crude oil gathering and transportation system plays an increasingly significant role in the energy supply chain, and the proportion of its energy consumption in the overall oilfield production is also increasing. In addition the system energy consumption is affected by a variety of objective factors. Hence, scientifically and rationally analyzing the factors influencing the energy consumption of the gathering and transportation system is a significant challenge for oilfield operations. Furthermore, the interplay among some variables introduces information overlap, complicating the accurate identification of the primary factors influencing system energy consumption. This paper addresses the energy consumption characteristics of the gathering and transportation system in the context of actual production operations. It considers objective factors that affect energy consumption such as liquid production rate, water cut, and oil viscosity. To quantitatively assess the impact of each factor, the study employs enhanced entropy weight method, key component analysis, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. These methods are used to calculate the influence of each factor, rank them by their respective weightings, and combine the findings of the 3 methods for a comprehensive evaluation. Water cut and liquid production rate are identified as the main factors affecting the energy consumption of the oil gathering and transportation system. Finally, the study further explores main factors and variables of the system related constraints are, and provides recommendations on the system specific consumption reduction measures, in order to provide theoretical reference for the energy conservation and efficiency improvement of crude oil gathering and transportation system.