The study of erosional wear issues in natural gas pipeline compressor impellers is crucial for ensuring operational safety and revealing the characteristics of solid particles that the compressor can withstand. Additionally, it is important to identify the conditions that influence the severity of erosional wear. Utilizing the erosion model developed by Tabakoff and Grant, implemented in ANSYS CFX software, this study conducts a numerical simulation of gas-solid two-phase flow within the compressor's internal flow field. Emphasis is placed on the numerical simulation and calculation of blade erosion, considering different sizes of solid particles. The results show that an increase in particle size correlates with more severe blade erosional wear. Moreover, when particle size is constant, a higher density of particles results in greater frictional forces exerted on the blade. In light of these findings, the blade thickness was optimized to enhance both the aerodynamic performance of the impeller and its erosion resistance capabilities. The research findings offer significant reference for the safe operation of natural gas pipeline compressors, as well as for the safe and stable operation of the pipeline network system as a whole.