当前碳捕集、利用与封存(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)发展势头迅猛,但受产业政策支持力度和所处发展阶段的共同影响,整体尚未完全实现产业化发展,国内外发展状况和节奏存在差异。CCUS产业特征和趋势在不断发展的过程中逐渐清晰,明确当前主要由欧美地区引领全球产业发展,产业链上的价值传递促进商业模式逐渐多元化,碳价逐步抬升推动项目经济性初显,油气企业主导产业发展,离岸集群枢纽模式成为产业主流。美国、澳大利亚和欧盟对CCUS的支持政策是推动产业发展的主要原因,包括税收抵免、碳市场和财政补贴等。通过对当前在建或规划的离岸碳封存集群项目的特征分析,得出政府的支持政策是第一驱动力,具有碳中和雄心并且把握核心竞争力的油气公司是项目开发主体。基于以上研究,提出中国在CCUS产业孵化培育阶段的相关建议,需要政府加大财政直接支持力度、加快管理和监督体系建设,企业加强标准规范研究,同心合力推动产业发展。

 Despite rapid development, the full industrialization of CCUS has not yet been achieved, with differences in development status and pace observed at home and abroad. These differences are influenced by the level of policy support and the respective stages of industrial development in the locations. As the industry continues to evolve, characteristics and trends are becoming clearer. Europe and the United States are leading the global industry trends, with more flexible and diversified business models emerging as value flows along the supply chain. The economic viability of projects is gradually emerging as carbon prices increase, and oil and gas companies play a leading role in the industry chain. The offshore carbon storage from onshore clusters or hubs has gradually becoming the mainstream trend. In the U.S., European Union, and Australia, supporting policies including tax credits, carbon markets, and subsidies are major driving forces for CCUS industry development. Analyses on the characteristics of offshore storage cluster projects currently under construction or planned reveal that government supporting policies act as the primary driving force, and oil and gas companies with ambitions for carbon neutrality and a competitive edge are the primary drivers of CCUS project development. Based on the above study, recommendations for China in the CCUS industry incubation and cultivation phase include increasing direct financial support from the government, accelerating the establishment of regulatory and supervisory systems, and encouraging enterprises to strengthen research on codes and standards to collectively promote industry development.