将海底管道埋设入海床是一种有效的海底管道保护手段,但通过挖沟回填方法来埋设管道的成本较高,而海底管道自埋不仅节约成本、资源,还十分适配易冲刷、海潮反复的海洋环境,具有一定优势。对国内外海底管道自埋研究成果进行了梳理,系统地介绍了海底管道自埋机理与应用,分析了重力沉降、海床液化、局部冲刷三种海底管道自埋机理,并总结了加装扰流板的管道自埋技术的研究进展。调研结果表明:尽管海底管道自埋受多种机理影响,但目前工程实践中主要依赖局部冲刷机理来实现可靠有效的海底管道自埋。进一步研究发现,海底管道自埋技术的实施需依托适宜的海洋环境条件,并涉及局部冲刷及海床液化等过程以形成理想的冲刷坑;随后,海底管道在自身重力作用下沉入坑内完成自埋。基于局部冲刷自埋原理,在海底管道上加装扰流板以加速其下方冲刷、促进海底管道下沉,已成为实现海底管道自埋的关键技术。未来研究需结合海域多样化影响深化海底管道自埋机理认知,建立定量化工程指导方法以优化海底管道自埋技术的设计与运维。

Burial of submarine pipelines into the seabed is an effective method for protecting submarine pipelines. However, the trenching and backfilling method for pipeline burial is costly. In contrast, self-burial of submarine pipelines not only saves costs and resources, but is also well-suited to marine environment prone to scouring and recurrent tidal currents, offering distinct advantages. This paper collates and summarizes domestic and international research achievements on submarine pipeline self-burial, systematically introducing the mechanisms and applications of submarine pipeline self-burial. Three submarine pipeline self-burial mechanisms, namely gravity settlement, seabed liquefaction and local scouring, are analysed, and the research progress on pipeline self-burial technology involving the installation of spoiler plates is summarised. The research results show that although the self-burial of submarine pipelines is influenced by various mechanisms, the current engineering practice mainly relies on local erosion mechanisms to achieve reliable and effective self-burial of submarine pipelines. Further research has found that the implementation of self-burial technology for submarine pipelines relies on suitable marine environmental conditions and involves processes such as local scouring and seabed liquefaction to form ideal scouring pits. Subsequently, the submarine pipeline sinks into the pit under its own gravity to complete self-burial. Based on the principle of local erosion self-burial, installing spoilers on submarine pipelines to accelerate the erosion below and promote the sinking of submarine pipelines has become a key technology for achieving self-burial of submarine pipelines. Future research needs to incorporate diversified marine environmental impacts to deepen the understanding of submarine pipeline self-burial mechanisms, and establish quantitative engineering guidance methods for optimizing the design and operation-maintenance of technologies such as pipeline self-burial.