With the development of Bohai Oilfield, serious corrosion, scaling and erosion occurred in some of the water source wells, resulting in frequent pump shutdown and maintenance. The instability of water supply seriously affected the normal production enhancement via water injection. This paper presents corrosion experiments carried out for different water samples, at different temperatures, different pressures, salinities based on the main characteristics of the current corrosion and scaling status of the water source wells in the Bohai Oilfield, by simulating downhole conditions and using P110 corrosion coupons and S314 coupons with the same specification. Scale sample analysis and prediction of scaling trends are performed. The experimental results show that the water sample, pressure and salinity have little effect on the corrosion rate, and the incompatibility of the materials will cause the corrosion rate to be 1.5 to 4 times faster than the single-sheet experiment. The primary causes and influencing factors of corrosion and scaling are analyzed. The comprehensive analysis shows that the damage to the sand screen of the water source well is mainly caused by the synergy of corrosion, scaling and erosion. The sand control solution and sand screen selection are optimized; the preventive measures of underground pickling and descaling and injecting corrosion inhibitor and anti-fouling agent via micro-tube are proposed. The above proposals can greatly extend the production cycle of water source well and is significant in enhancing the recovery of shallow water development in Bohai Bay.